Benchmark CPU performance

Build CoreMark
For x86 platform:
[ ] # make compile XCFLAGS="-g -DMULTITHREAD=8 -DUSE_FORK=1 -DPERFORMANCE_RUN=1"

[ ] # make compile XCFLAGS="-g -DMULTITHREAD=4 -DUSE_FORK=1 -DPERFORMANCE_RUN=1"

[ ] # make compile XCFLAGS="-g -DPERFORMANCE_RUN=1"

For ARM platform:
[ ] # make compile CC=arm-linux-gcc XCFLAGS="-g -DPERFORMANCE_RUN=1"

Execute CoreMark
[ ]# ./coremark.exe  0x0 0x0 0x66 0 7 1 2000

Sketch the scores
Data format in "coremark.gnuplot_x86.data"
1       7526.256372
2       15053.542714
3       16116.625765
4       20295.202952

[ ] # gnuplot
set xlabel "Core"
set ylabel "Iterations/Sec"
set xzeroaxis
set yzeroaxis
set xrange [0:5]
set yrange [0:30000]
set term png size 600, 400
set title "CoreMark with different x86 core number"
set output "x86-MP.CoreMark.png"

plot "coremark.gnuplot_x86.data" using 1:2 title "4 Processes" with linespoint

Other Example:
gnuplot> plot "coremark.gnuplot_x86.data" using 1:2 title "1 Process" with linespoint, "coremark.gnuplot.data" using 1:3 title "4 Processes" with linespoint, "coremark.gnuplot.data" using 1:4 title "8 Processes" with linespoint

Other Benchmark Tools:

Linpack

Quadrant

Geekbench 2

Vellamo

Andebench

Antutu Benchmark-59

Caffeine mark (example)

Nbench

GLBenchmark 2.1.4-10

Reference:
Tegra II vs. TI OMAP PandaBoard

IPv6 over IPv4

IPv6 tunneling provides a way to encapsulate IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets. That can be used to connect two IPv6 networks over an IPv4-only path.

SIT
This SIT driver implements encapsulation of IPv6 into IPv4 packets, so it can provide IPv6 service over the IPv4 network environment.

Setup and Configuration Script
ipv6_sit_dut.sh
ipv6_sit_linux.sh

6RD

Setup and Configuration Script
ipv6_6rd_dut.sh
ipv6_6rd_linux.sh

ARMvisor

ARMvisor is a Kernel-based virtual machine on ARM architecture.

The Blog of ARMvisor.

The presentation of ARMvisor in Linux Symposium 2012.

IPv6

IPv6

IPv6 NAT

Why IPv6 NAT

Load Balancing

Multi-homing (Uplink Balance, Failover)

NAT is demanded by enterprises for multi-homing.
Multi-homing is a situation that describes a single computer host that makes use of several IP addresses associated with various connected networks. Within this scenario, the multihomed computer host is physically linked to a variety of data connections or ports. These connections or ports may all be associated with the same network or with a variety of different networks. Depending on the exact configuration, multi-homing may allow a computer host to function as an IP router.

Dynamic IPv6 prefixes

Implementations

NF NAT66 (1:1, N:1): NAT66:A first implementation

    http://sourceforge.net/projects/nfnat66/

MAP66 (1:1):

    http://sourceforge.net/projects/map66/

RAWNAT (Xtables Addons): 

Standard

RFC6296 - IPv6-to-IPv6 Network Prefix Translation, NPTv6

Reference:
Multi-homing: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-multi-homing.htm

Java Benchmark - CaffeineMark

1. Install Oracle’s Java SE-E 7 JVM (The size of JVM is around 32MB)
ejre-7u4-fcs-b20-linux-arm-vfp-client_headful-12_apr_2012.tar.gz

2. CaffeineMark-3.0

After enter Linux prompt,
Setup your PATH environment variable on your target filesystem to point to the location of the "java".
[ ]# PATH=$PATH:/mnt/ejre1.7.0_04/bin

[ ]# cd /mnt/CaffeineMark-3.0
[/mnt/CaffeineMark-3.0] # java CaffeineMarkEmbeddedApp
Sieve score = 1231 (98)
Loop score = 2787 (2017)
Logic score = 2312 (0)
String score = 596 (708)
Float score = 1702 (185)
Method score = 1619 (166650)
Overall score = 1533

CPU affinity

taskset - retrieve or set a process's CPU affinity

Usage: taskset [-p] [MASK] [PID | PROG ARGS]
   Set or get CPU affinity
      -p Operate on an existing PID


Description
MASK:
   The CPU affinity is represented as a bitmask, with the lowest order bit corresponding to the first logical CPU and the highest order bit corresponding to the last logical CPU.

For example:
   * 1 is CPU core #0 (1st processor)
   * 3 is CPU core #0 and #1
   * 4 is CPU core #2 (3rd processor)

To set the processor affinity of process 112 to CPU core #0 type following command:
   [ ]# taskset -p 1 112
To set the processor affinity of process 112 to CPU core #1 type following command:
   [ ]# taskset -p 2 112
To set the processor affinity of process 112 to CPU core #2 type following command:
   [ ]# taskset -p 4 112
To set the processor affinity of process 112 to CPU core #3 type following command:
   [ ]# taskset -p 8 112

Example:

[ ]# ./stress -c 2

[ ]# ps aux

 ......

 188 root       0:00 ./stress -c 2

 189 root       0:05 ./stress -c 2

 190 root       0:06 ./stress -c 2

 192 root       0:00 ps aux

[ ]# htop

 1  [################100.0%] Tasks: 10, 0 thr, 39 kthr; 3 running

 2  [################100.0%] Load average: 2.06 1.44 1.10

 3  [                  0.0%] Uptime: 01:10:55

 4  [##**             14.3%]

 Mem[||******       5/122MB]

 Swp[                 0/0MB]

# taskset -p 8 189

pid 189's current affinity mask: f

pid 189's new affinity mask: 8

# taskset -p 8 190

pid 190's current affinity mask: f

pid 190's new affinity mask: 8

[ ]# htop

 1  [                  0.0%] Tasks: 10, 0 thr, 39 kthr; 3 running

 2  [                  0.0%] Load average: 1.47 1.08 0.95

 3  [##**             12.7%] Uptime: 01:13:26

 4  [################100.0%]

 Mem[||******       5/122MB]

 Swp[                 0/0MB]     

Serial ATA AHCI

AHCI 1.3 Specification (Download PDF)

U-boot AHCI Driver

U-boot Synopsys AHCI Driver

Linux AHCI Driver

Linux Synopsys AHCI Driver

Linux Block I/O Layer

Linux Block I/O Layer

Performance
Access Time = Command Overhead + Seek Time + Settle Time + Rotational Latency

• Command Overhead: Disk controller process the disk request, that includes translating the LBA number into the CHS tuple.
• Seek Time: Moving the disk arms so the heads are aligned with the correct cylinder.
• Settle Time: To stabilize the disk heads before reading or writing data.
• Rotational Latency: Waiting for the requested sector to arrive at the location of the disk heads.

Performance Metrics

• Throughput
• Latency

Tuning I/O Performance


Benchmark Tools
IOZone:

For example:
[ ]# /ust/bin/iozone -a > /root/iozone.log
[ ]# /usr/bin/iozone/Generate_Graphs /root/iozone.log

Fileop: Filesystem IO benchmarking tool

It looks like "NOOP" is the best one in this case.

Reference:
1.Linux SCSI Subsystem
2. 10 iozone Examples for Disk I/O Performance Measurement on Linux
3. Measuring & Optimizing I/O Performance

Protocol Analyser

PCI Express
Summit T2-16 PCI Express Protocol Analyzer
Summit Z2-16 PCI Express Multi-Lane Exerciser

USB

SATA
   LeCroy Sierra M6-2 SAS/SATA Protocol Analyzer

SD/SDIO/MMC
   Finisar Bus Doctor SD/SDIO/MMC Protocol Analyzer

The way to copy memory on a Cortex-A9

Word by Word memory copy

Load-Multiple memory copy

NEON memory copy

Word by Word memory copy with preload

Load-Multiple memory copy with preload

NEON memory copy with preload


NEONCopyPLD
   PLD [r1, #0xC0]
   VLDM r1!,{d0-d7}
   VSTM r0!,{d0-d7}
   SUBS r2,r2,#0x40 
   BGE NEONCopyPLD


Mixed ARM and NEON memory copy with preload

ARM Community

Web: http://www.arm.com
         http://www.arm.com/community
Blogs: http://blogs.arm.com
twitter: http://twitter.com/ARMCommunity
YouTube: http://youtube.com/ARMflix
Linkedin: http://www.arm.com/Linkedin
Facebook: http://facebook.com/ARMfans

[YouTube] Aalto Talk with Linus Torvalds

Linus really doesn't like nVidia.

 

Cisco 1941 Series Integrated Services Routers

Cisco 1941 Series Integrated Services Routers

HOWTO MediaWiKi

How to install MediaWiKi
1. Install mediawiki

http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Running_MediaWiki_on_Fedora_Core

How to install MySQL
1. Install MySQL
yum install mysql-server php-mysql

How to configure MySQL
1. Set the MySQL service to start on boot
[ ]# chkconfig --levels 235 mysqld on
2. Start the MySQL service
[ ]# service mysqld start
3. Log into MySQL
[ ]# mysql -u root
4. Set the root user password for all local domains
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('your-password');
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'hostname' = PASSWORD('your-password');
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'127.0.0.1' = PASSWORD('your-password');
5. Drop the Any user
mysql> DROP USER ''@'localhost';
mysql> DROP USER ''@'hostname';
mysql> DROP USER ''@'%';
6. Drop the test database
mysql> DROP DATABASE test;
7. Exit MySQL
[ ]# exit

Reference:
1. Professional Wikis, Mark Choate, 2008, Wiley Publishing, Inc.
2. Wikipatterns, Stewart Mader, 2008, Wiley Publishing, Inc.

802.1X

802.1X Port-Based Authentication

802.1X

ARM Versatile Express Cortex-A9 (4) Root File System

Buildroot

http://sources.buildroot.net