Intelligent Energy Management Technology

Intelligent Energy Management (IEM)

The IEM technology uses a technique called Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) to implement the power and energy savings.

The IEM technology consists of the following components:
- IEM Software (OS and Applications) (Linux Kernel 2.6 Patch)
- Intelligent Energy Controller (IEC)
- Advanced Power Controller (APC)



ARM Physical IP:
- Metro
- Advantage
- Advantage-HS

Reference:
1. ARM
2. Power Management in Mobile Devices, Chapter 7.6

Open On-Chip Debugger

Open On-Chip Debugger

Openocd - JTAG Interface

Setting Up OpenOCD Under Linux

The USB ARM JTAG programmers. (Compliant with OpenOCD)
These are based on the FTDI USB chip.

Hubert Hoegl's USB ARM JTAG Programmer
USB JTAG-Programmer
OpenOCD website
Sparkfun
Olimex

Related Blogs:
JTAG Cable

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)

Read Addr 0x0, Return = 0x2



Write Addr 0x0, Register Value = 0x2



Reference:
1. Designing Embedded Hardware, Second Edition - Chapter 7. Adding Peripherals Using SPI

SATA on the Linux Kernel

Synopsys (DesignWare Cores SATA AHCI)

Synopsys (DesignWare Cores SATA Host) (patch)

Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA

IC Industry Infrastructure

Books:
(1) Understanding Fabless IC Technology (PDF)

USB Host Controller on the Linux Kernel

USB Host Controller

(1) ST-NXP (ISP 1760)

(2) Synopsys (DWC USB 2.0 HS High Speed, EHCI/OHCI)

NAND Flash

NAND Flash Chip Vendor

Intel

   ONFI, 

Micron

   ONFI, SLC/MLC: Compatibility with ONFI synchronous interface

   http://www.micron.com/products/nand-flash

ST/Numonyx

   ONFI 1.0, 

Samsung

   non-ONFI,

   1) SLC-small/large block

   2) MLC-large block

   3) Toggle DDR NAND Flash (list)

SKhynix

   Support ONFI for some new product (Databook)

Spansion

   ONFI 1.0, Spansion® Product Selector Guide March 2013

Toshiba

   non-ONFI,

   1) SLC NAND (list)

   2) MLC NAND

   3) Toggle-Mode NAND

Micron NAND Flash

Micron MT29Fxx08x (Data Sheet) (Errata) ( Sample Code)
- Device Size : 4Gb = 4096 blocks
- Block Size : 64 pages
- Page Size : 2112 Bytes (2048 Bytes Data + 64 Bytes Spare)
- SLC Technology

Micron MT29Fxx16x (Data Sheet) (Errata) ( Sample Code)
- Device Size : 4Gb = 4096 blocks
- Block Size : 64 pages
- Page Size : 2112 Bytes (1024 Words Data + 32 Words Spare)
- SLC Technology


NAND MLC Flash

Micron MT29F16G08MAAWP (Data Sheet)
- Device Size : 16Gb = 4096 blocks
- Block Size : 128 pages
- Page Size : 4314 Bytes (4096 Bytes Data + 218 Bytes Spare)
- MLC Technology
- Open NAND Flash Interface (ONFI) 1.0 compliant (1.0 Spec) (2.0)

NAND Flash Controller

Example:
ARM SMC (PL353)
u-boot (patch)

Linux Device Driver (patch)

NOR Flash

Generic Memory Subsystem for Embedded System


NOR Flash

Example:
MXIC - MX29LV640T/B (Datasheet)

NOR Flash Controller

Example:
ARM SMC (PL353)


Serial Flash Memory

NOR SPI Flash

Example:
ST, Numonyx - M25P64 (Datasheet 1) (2) (Driver 1) (2)

SPI Bus Serial Interface
Let's talk later.

NFS Client on Windows

NFS Client on Windows

1. Windows Services for UNIX (SFU)

2. Omni-NFS/X Enterprise v3.1

3. NFSPro

NFS Server on Linux (Fedora Core 9)

[root]# cat /etc/exports
# /etc/exports: NFS file systems being exported.
#/home/MPCore/rootfs/netfs *(rw,no_root_squash,async)
/home/u-boot-1.3.1-mpcore 172.20.2.100/24(rw,sync) localhost(rw,sync)

[root]# /etc/init.d/nfs restart
[root]# /etc/init.d/nfslock restart

Show/Check mount information for an NFS server
[root]# showmount -e localhost

Check firewall settings for NFS (Port: 2049)

Windows Live Writer

I write this by Windows Live Writer for testing.

I hope this free utility can help me to write more colorful blogs in easy way.

ARM RealView PB11MPCore (7.3) U-boot Initialization Flow

• U-boot Initialization Flow

ARM RealView PB11MPCore (0.1) Photos

Front side photo 1:


Front side photo 2:


Inside photo 1:


Inside photo 2:

ARM RealView PB11MPCore (8.1) Linux Kernel (Big-endian)

Linux kernel 2.6.24 Series (patch) (.config)

Linux kernel 2.6.26 Series (patch) (.config)

ARM RealView PB11MPCore (7.2) U-boot User Manual

U-boot User Manual

Environment Variable:
ipaddr=172.20.5.100
serverip=172.20.5.200
netmask=255.255.0.0
bootfile=uImage

Commands:
tftpboot - boot image via network using TFTP protocol
tftpboot [loadAddress] [bootfilename]

RealView_PB # tftpboot
TFTP from server 172.20.5.200; our IP address is 172.20.5.100
Filename 'uImage'.
Load address: 0x7fc0
Loading:################################################
done
Bytes transferred = 1527128 (174d58 hex)

bootp - boot image via network using BootP/TFTP protocol
bootp [loadAddress] [bootfilename]

RealView_PB # bootp
BOOTP broadcast 1
DHCP client bound to address 172.20.99.82
TFTP from server 172.20.5.200; our IP address is 172.20.5.100
Filename 'uImage'.
Load address: 0x7fc0
Loading:################################################
done
Bytes transferred = 1527128 (174d58 hex)

bootm - boot application image from memory
bootm [addr [arg ...]]
- boot application image stored in memory
when booting a Linux kernel, 'arg' can be the address of an initrd image

RealView_PB # bootm 0x7fc0
or just
RealView_PB # bootm


References:
The DENX U-Boot and Linux Guide
Embedded Linux Primer: Chapter 7 Bootloaders (PDF)

Floating point exception

Using different hash type for GCC will generate different execution result.

Sample Code: Download
Makefile
hello.c

Experimentation:
1. Compile hello.c on Fedora
2. Execute hello on Debian and Gentoo

Output on Debian:
debian:~/hello# ./hello
Floating point exception
debian:~/hello# ./hello.both
Hello!
debian:~/hello# ./hello.gnu
Floating point exception
debian:~/hello# ./hello.sysv
Hello!

Result:

Explanation:
Fedora Core 6: GCC Compiler

Fedora developers have introduced changes in the ELF .hash section that provides symbols for dynamic linking. This new .gnu.hash section, which is produced with the new default --hash-style=gnu option for gcc, serves the same purpose as previous hash sections. It provides, however, an approximately 50% increase in dynamic linking speed. Binaries and libraries produced with the new hashing function are incompatible with older glibc and dynamic linker releases. To use the old-style hashing routines for compatibility with older glibc-based systems, pass the --hash-style=sysv option instead.

References:
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/fc6

GCC Reading Book List

GCC Reading Book List
1. The Definitive Guide to GCC, Second Edition (2006) (PDF)
2. An Introduction to GCC (2004) online
3. GNU Autoconf, Automake, and Libtool (2000) online

Links:
GCC online documentation