Linux Expert Series

Rami Rosen: http://ramirose.wix.com/ramirosen

Networking (PDF 2003,)
Namespaces and cgroups (PDF 2003,)

Linux Kernel Networking: Implementation and Theory (Apress)

Publishing December 27, 2013
ISBN13: 978-1-4302-6196-4
600 Pages

Serial ATA AHCI

AHCI 1.3 Specification (Download PDF)

U-boot AHCI Driver

U-boot Synopsys AHCI Driver

Linux AHCI Driver

Linux Synopsys AHCI Driver

Linux SCSI Subsystem

Reference:
http://www.t10.org
Linux SCSI Subsystem

RGMII

MDIO Read Operation

MDIO Write Operation

Reference:
1. MDIO Background

Linux RAID framework

Software RAID implementations

1. Multiple Device (MD) subsystem
2. Device Mapper (DM)
3. Btrfs filesystem

The main jobs for RAID

(1) RAID management tasks

(2) The exclusive-or (XOR) computations

The XOR computation can be performed on CPU

The XOR computation can be performed on disk drives

For example: Write operation to a RAID 5 disk array

1. Read "old" data from the data drive.
2. Read "old" parity data from the parity drive.
3. XOR the old data from the data drive with the old parity data from the parity drive.
4. Write the new data to the data drive.
5. XOR the new data with the parity data and write the result to the parity drive.

Hardware Solution: XOR hardware engines for parity calculations

The hardware engines typically consist of a high-speed memory buffer and a XOR calculator/sequencer.

RAID Level Comparison

GPU system on Linux

Linux Framebuffer

Linux Network

Application Layer

TCP/IP Layer

Driver Layer


Testing
Sample CodeLAN Ethernet Maximum Rates, Generation, Capturing, Monitoring

OpenHCI

Linux Device Driver


U-boot Driver

# usb start
(Re)start USB...
USB: scanning bus for devices... 2 USB Device(s) found
scanning bus for storage devices... 1 Storage Device(s) found

# usb tree
Device Tree:
1 Hub (12MBit/s, 0mA)
| OHCI Root Hub
|
+-2 Mass Storage (12MBit/s, 100mA)
JetFlash Mass Storage Device

# usb storage
Device 0: Vendor: JetFlash Rev: 8.07 Prod: TS8GJFV60
Type: Removable Hard Disk
Capacity: 7660.0 MB = 7.4 GB (15687680 x 512)

# usb info

# fatload usb 0 0x2000000 bootpImage

# go 0x2000000

I2C Bus

I2C

I2C Linux Device Driver

The major driver is composed of the following:

• Adapter specific code: /drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-xxxx.c
• Algorithm: /drivers/i2c/algos/i2c-algo-xxxx.c
• I2C-core: /drivers/i2c/i2c-core.c
• I2C-dev: /drivers/i2c/i2c-dev.c
The I2C-dev block allows the userland program to access the I2C device (ex, EEPROM, RTC) through the /dev interface.

I2C Test Tools on Linux
i2c-tools
eeprog

Reference:

• I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit)
• I2C

RAID on Linux

Wiki
Standard RAID levels
Linux Raid
LHN

Mailing list
Linux RAID Storage

Book
Managing RAID on Linux, 2002 O'Reilly (PDF)

Gigabit Ethernet Controller

Pseudo Linux Network Device Driver (tar.gz)

MMC/SD/SDIO on Linux

MMC/SD/SDIO Device Driver
Download patch

How to use MMC/SD card

[ ]# cat /proc/partitions

[ ]# mknod /dev/mmcblk0 b 179 0
[ ]# mknod /dev/mmcblk0p1 b 179 1

[ ]# mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt

RTC on Linux

Real Time Clock

RTC Device Driver
Download patch

RTC Utility

[ ]# mknod /dev/rtc0 c 254 0

[ ]# date 2009.05.20-12:34:56

[ ]# hwclock -w

[ ]# cat /proc/driver/rtc

[ ]#

Watchdog Timer

Hardware Watchdog Driver

Userspace Watchdog Program

Software Watchdog

LCD Driver for u-boot and Linux

LCD Controller:
LCD Panel:

LCD Driver for u-boot



LCD Driver for Linux

AMBA Bus Driver for Linux

/linux//drivers/smba/

1. The AMBA core layer registers each detected AMBA bus using bus_register().
2. When an AMBA client device is probed and detected, its existence is recorded via device_register().
3. Finally, the client driver registers itself using driver_register().

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)

Read Addr 0x0, Return = 0x2



Write Addr 0x0, Register Value = 0x2



Reference:
1. Designing Embedded Hardware, Second Edition - Chapter 7. Adding Peripherals Using SPI

SATA on the Linux Kernel

Synopsys (DesignWare Cores SATA AHCI)

Synopsys (DesignWare Cores SATA Host) (patch)

Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA

USB Host Controller on the Linux Kernel

USB Host Controller

(1) ST-NXP (ISP 1760)

(2) Synopsys (DWC USB 2.0 HS High Speed, EHCI/OHCI)

USB on the Linux Kernel

When I was a BIOS engineer in Compal Electronics about 9 years ago, I first met USB in notebook. My assigned job is USB legacy support in the system BIOS, so it's an old friend to me. Definitely, USB is an excellent component and a must have function for some consumer product today. For example, PDA, iPod, Wi-Fi phone, etc. Fortunately, USB OTG makes it's possible for me to study and read USB again.

USB Reading Book List:
1. Universal Serial Bus System Architecture, Mindshare Inc.
2. Synopsys DesignWare Cores USB 2.0 Hi-Speed On-The-Go, Synopsys
3. USB 2.0 Specification, USB-IF (Download)
4. On-The-Go Supplement to the USB 2.0 Specification, USB-IF
5. ISP1761 Linux Programming Guide, NXP (PB11MPCore)
6. USB Complete: Everything You Need to Develop Custom USB Peripherals, Lakeview Research
7. USB Mass Storage: Designing and Programming Devices and Embedded Hosts, Lakeview Research

Internet Resource:
1. USB Made Simple
2. USB in a NutShell - a little journey through the USB 2.0 Spec.